Coronavirus: How worried should we be?

ในห้อง 'ทวีป เอเซีย' ตั้งกระทู้โดย supatorn, 27 มกราคม 2020.

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    coronavirus.jpg
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    Coronavirus: How worried should we be?

    By James Gallagher Health and science correspondent
    A virus - previously unknown to science - is causing severe lung disease in China and has also been detected in other countries.


    Fifty-six people are known to have died from the virus, which appeared in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December.

    There are already more than 2,000 confirmed cases, and experts expect the number will keep rising.

    A new virus arriving on the scene, leaving patients with pneumonia, is always a worry and health officials around the world are on high alert.

    Can this outbreak be contained or is this something far more dangerous?


    What is this virus?
    Officials in China have confirmed the cases are caused by a coronavirus.

    These are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars), which is caused by a coronavirus, killed 774 of the 8,098 people infected in an outbreak that started in China in 2002.

    "There is a strong memory of Sars, that's where a lot of fear comes from, but we're a lot more prepared to deal with those types of diseases," says Dr Josie Golding, from the Wellcome Trust.

    How severe are the symptoms?
    It seems to start with a fever, followed by a dry cough and then, after a week, leads to shortness of breath and some patients needing hospital treatment.

    Around one-in-four cases are thought to be severe.

    The coronavirus family itself can cause symptoms ranging from a mild cold all the way through to death.

    "When we see a new coronavirus, we want to know how severe are the symptoms. This is more than cold-like symptoms and that is a concern but it is not as severe as Sars," says Prof Mark Woolhouse, from the University of Edinburgh.

    The World Health Organization (WHO) says it is an emergency in China, but decided not to declare an international public health emergency - as it did with swine flu and Ebola.

    How deadly is it?
    Fifty-six people are known to have died from the virus - but while the ratio of deaths to known cases appears low, the figures are unreliable.

    But the infection seems to take a while to kill, so more of those patients may yet die.

    And it is unclear how many unreported cases there are.

    Where has it come from?
    New viruses are detected all the time.

    They jump from one species, where they went unnoticed, into humans.

    "If we think about outbreaks in the past, if it is a new coronavirus, it will have come from an animal reservoir," says Prof Jonathan Ball, a virologist at the University of Nottingham.

    Sars started off in bats and then infected the civet cat, which in turn passed it on to humans.

    And Middle East respiratory syndrome (Mers), which has killed 858 out of the 2,494 recorded cases since it emerged in 2012, regularly makes the jump from the dromedary camel.

    Which animal?
    Once the animal reservoir (where the virus normally camps out) is detected, then the problem becomes much easier to deal with.

    The coronavirus cases have been linked to the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, in Wuhan.

    But while some sea-going mammals can carry coronaviruses (such as the Beluga whale), the market also has live wild animals, including chickens, bats, rabbits, snakes, which are more likely to be the source.

    Researchers say the new virus is closely related to one found in Chinese horseshoe bats.

    Why China?
    Prof Woolhouse says it is because of the size and density of the population and close contact with animals harbouring viruses.

    "No-one is surprised the next outbreak is in China or that part of the world," he says.


    How easily does it spread between people?
    At the beginning of the outbreak, the Chinese authorities said the virus was not spreading between people - but now, such cases have been identified.

    Scientists have now revealed each infected person is passing the virus on to between 1.4 and 2.5 people.

    This figure is called the virus' basic reproduction number - anything higher than 1 means it's self-sustaining.

    We now know this is not a virus that will burn out on its own and disappear.

    Only the decisions being made in China - including shutting down cities - can stop it spreading.

    While those figures are early estimates, they put coronavirus in roughly the same league as Sars.

    When are people infectious?
    Chinese scientists have confirmed people are infectious even before their symptoms appear.

    The time between infection and symptoms - known as the incubation period - lasts between one and 14 days.

    Sars and Ebola are contagious only when symptoms appear. Such outbreaks are relatively easy to stop: identify and isolate people who are sick and monitor anyone they came into contact with.

    Flu, however, is the most famous example of a virus that you spread before you even know you're ill.

    Prof Wendy Barclay from the department of infectious disease at Imperial College London said it was common for lung infectious to spread without symptoms.

    The virus is "carried into the air during normal breathing and talking by the infected person," she explained.

    "It would not be too surprising if the new coronavirus also does this."

    We are not at the stage where people are saying this could be a global pandemic like swine flu.

    But the problems of stopping such "symptomless spreaders" will make the job of the Chinese authorities much harder.

    What is not known is how infectious people are during the incubation period.

    How fast is it spreading?
    It might appear as though cases have soared, from 40 to more than 2,000 in just over a week. But this is misleading.

    Many of these seeming new cases will have come to light as a result of China improving its ability to find infected people.

    There is actually very little information on the "growth rate" of the outbreak.

    But experts say the number of people becoming sick is likely to be far higher than the reported figures.
     
    แก้ไขครั้งล่าสุด: 26 กรกฎาคม 2021
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    (cont.)
    map1.png
    A report last week by the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London said: "It is likely that the Wuhan outbreak of a novel coronavirus has caused substantially more cases of moderate or severe respiratory illness than currently reported."

    And over the weekend, researchers at Lancaster University estimated the number of cases suggesting 11,000 have been infected this year. If true, that would be more than Sars.

    Could the virus mutate?
    Yes, you would expect viruses to mutate and evolve all the time. But what this means is harder to tell.

    China's National Health Commission has warned the coronavirus's transmission ability is getting stronger, but they were unclear on the risks posed by mutations of the virus.

    This is something scientists will be watching closely.

    How can the virus be stopped?
    We now know the virus will not stop on its own; only the actions of the Chinese authorities can bring this epidemic to an end.

    There is also no vaccine to give people immunity to the virus.

    The only option is to prevent people who have become infected from spreading the virus to others.

    That means:

    • Limiting people's movement
    • Encouraging hand-washing
    • Treating patients in isolation with healthcare workers wearing protective gear
    A massive feat of detective work will also be needed to identify people whom patients have come into contact with to see if they have the virus.

    How have Chinese authorities responded so far?
    screening.jpg
    Image copyright Getty Images
    Image caption Temperature screening can help identify people who have been infected
    China has done something unprecedented anywhere in the world - by effectively putting Wuhan into quarantine.

    Travel restrictions have also been imposed on a dozen other cities with 36 million people affected.

    Some mass gatherings have been banned and tourists sites, including part of the Great Wall, have been closed.

    And a ban on the sale of wildlife, a possible source of the infection, has been imposed.

    Wuhan - the centre of the outbreak - is building a two new hospitals with beds for a total of 2,300 people.

    How is the world responding?
    Most Asian countries have stepped up screenings of travellers from Wuhan and the WHO has warned hospitals worldwide a wider outbreak is possible.

    Singapore and Hong Kong have been screening air passengers from Wuhan and authorities in the US and the UK have announced similar measures.

    However, questions remain about the effectiveness of such measures.

    If it takes up to two weeks for symptoms to appear, then someone could easily be halfway round the world and have passed through any screening checks before starting to feel ill.

    How worried are the experts?
    Dr Golding says: "At the moment, until we have more information, it's really hard to know how worried we should be.

    "Until we have confirmation of the source, that's always going to make us uneasy."

    Prof Ball says: "We should be worried about any virus that explores humans for the first time, because it's overcome the first major barrier.

    "Once inside a [human] cell and replicating, it can start to generate mutations that could allow it to spread more efficiently and become more dangerous.

    "You don't want to give the virus the opportunity."

    Are there any vaccines or treatments?
    No.

    However, the work to develop them is already under way. It is hoped that research into developing a vaccine for Mers, which is also a coronavirus, will make this an easier job.

    And hospitals are testing anti-viral drugs to see if they have an impact.
    :- https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51048366?utm_source=pocket-newtab
     
  4. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

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    สถานการณ์ผู้ติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด-19 ทั่วโลก : ที่นี่ Thai PBS (18 ก.พ. 63)

    “ยกระดับ”...? รับมือ “โควิด-19” เลี่ยงเดินทาง “ประเทศเสี่ยง” ตอบโจทย์ (18 ก.พ. 63)

    ThaiPBS
    Streamed live 8 hours ago


     
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    15 ก.พ. 63 พบ "แพทย์" ไทย ติดเชื้อเพราะไม่ใส่หน้ากาก By ดร. เพียงดิน รักไทย

    ดร. เพียงดิน รักไทย Official
    Feb 15, 2020
    ลักษณะและอาการของคนที่ติดเชื้อโคโรนาไวรัส 2019 EP.16/2563

    Dr.V Channel
    Feb 3, 2020

     
    แก้ไขครั้งล่าสุด: 21 กุมภาพันธ์ 2020
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    สถานการณ์ COVID-19 วันพฤหัส 20/2/2563

    Dr.V Channel
    Feb 19, 2020
     
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    How the Coronavirus Revealed Authoritarianism’s Fatal Flaw
    China’s use of surveillance and censorship makes it harder for Xi Jinping to know what’s going on in his own country.
    Zeynep Tufekci February 22, 2020
    original.jpg


    China is in the grip of a momentous crisis. The novel coronavirus that emerged late last year has already claimed three times more lives than the SARS outbreak in 2003, and it is still spreading. More than 50 million people (more than the combined metro populations of New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and San Francisco) remain under historically unprecedented lockdown, unable to leave their city—and in many cases, even their apartment. Many countries no longer accept visiting Chinese nationals, or if they do, quarantine them for weeks. Big companies are pulling out of trade shows. Production is suffering. Profound economic consequences are bound to ensue, not just in China but around the world.
    How did Xi Jinping—the general secretary of the Communist Party of China, who has been consolidating his power since taking over the post in 2012—let things get to this point?

    It might be that he didn’t fully know what was happening in his own country until it was too late.

    Xi would be far from the first authoritarian to have been blindsided. Ironically, for all the talk of the technological side of Chinese authoritarianism, China’s use of technology to ratchet up surveillance and censorship may have made things worse, by making it less likely that Xi would even know what was going on in his own country.
    Authoritarian blindness is a perennial problem, especially in large countries like China with centralized, top-down administration. Indeed, Xi would not even be the first Chinese ruler to fall victim to the totality of his own power. On August 4, 1958, buoyed by reports pouring in from around the country of record grain, rice, and peanut production, an exuberant Chairman Mao Zedong wondered how to get rid of the excess, and advised people to eat “five meals a day.” Many did, gorging themselves in the new regime canteens and even dumping massive amounts of “leftovers” down gutters and toilets. Export agreements were made to send tons of food abroad in return for machinery or currency. Just months later, perhaps the greatest famine in recorded history began, in which tens of millions would die because, in fact, there was no such surplus. Quite the opposite: The misguided agricultural policies of the Great Leap Forward had caused a collapse in food production. Yet instead of reporting the massive failures, the apparatchiks in various provinces had engaged in competitive exaggeration, reporting ever-increasing surpluses both because they were afraid of reporting bad news and because they wanted to please their superiors.

    Mao didn’t know famine was at hand, because he had set up a system that ensured he would hear lies.

    Smart rulers have tried to create workarounds to avoid this authoritarian dilemma. Dynastic China, for example, had institutionalized mechanisms to petition the emperor: a right that was theoretically granted to everyone, including the lowest farmers and the poorest city dwellers. This system was intended to check corruption in provinces and uncover problems, but in practice, it was limited in many ways, filtered through courtiers to a single emperor, who could listen to only so many in a day. Many rulers also cultivated their own independent sources of information in far-flung provinces.

    Thanks to technology, there is a much more robust option for authoritarians in the 21st century: big-data analytics in a digital public sphere. For a few years, it appeared that China had found a way to be responsive to its citizens without giving them political power. Researchers have shown, for example, that posts on Weibo (China’s Twitter) complaining about problems in governance or corruption weren’t all censored. Many were allowed to stay up, allowing crucial information to trickle up to authorities. For example, viral posts about forced demolitions (a common occurrence in China) or medical mistreatment led to authorities sacking the officials involved, or to victim compensation that would otherwise not have occurred. A corrupt official was even removed from office after outraged netizens on social media pointed out the expensive watches he wore, which were impossible to buy on his government salary.



     
  8. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

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    (cont)
    The public sphere in China during those years wasn’t a free-for-all, to be sure. One couldn’t call for collective action or for deposing the central government. But social media gave citizens a voice and a way to make an impact, and it served as an early-warning system for party leaders. (The only other topic that seemed to be off-limits was the censors themselves—researchers found that they eagerly zapped complaints directed at them.)

    This responsive form of authoritarianism didn’t happen just on social media. Beginning in the early 2000s, China held “deliberative polls” in which citizens debated local budgets, important issues, and even reforms that would give them the right to information on government actions. In Zeguo township in Wenling, a municipality of more than 1 million residents, authorities created deliberative bodies wherein they engaged citizens (usually a few hundred, with randomness ensuring they were representative of the population) over a few days by providing information (including detailed accounts of the city’s budget) and hosting discussions to decide on issues of public significance. Authorities sometimes went as far as to pledge, in advance, to abide by the decisions of these bodies. For many years, such experiments flourished all over China and, combined with the digital public sphere, led scholars to wonder whether the “deliberative turn” in the country’s otherwise authoritarian state was not a means of weakening authoritarianism, but of making it more sustainable.

    Yet, this deliberative turn was soon reversed.

    Since taking power in 2012, Xi has shifted back to traditional one-man rule, concentrating more and more power into his hands. He has deployed an ever-more suffocating system of surveillance, propaganda, and repression, while attempting to create a cult of personality reminiscent of the Mao era, except with apps instead of little red books.
    Unlike books, though, apps can spy on people.

    One hundred million or so people in China have been, ahem, persuaded to download a party-propaganda app named “Study Xi, Strong Nation,” which makes users watch inculcation videos and take quizzes in a gamified, points-based system. It also allegedly gives the government access to the complete contents of users’ phones. It almost doesn’t matter whether the app contains such backdoor access or not: Reasonable people will act as if it does and be wary in all of their communications. Xi has also expanded China’s system of cameras linked to facial-recognition databases, which may someday be able to identify people everywhere they go. Again, the actual workings of the system are secondary to their chilling effects: For ordinary people, the safe assumption is that if they are in the wrong place at the wrong time, the authorities will know.
    An earlier hint that Xi’s China was falling into authoritarian blindness came during the ongoing Hong Kong protests. The demonstrations had started over a minor demand—the withdrawal of an extradition bill of little strategic importance to Beijing. Protest is the traditional way that Hong Kongers, who do not have full voting rights, express discontent. But this time the Beijing insiders miscalculated. They genuinely believed that the real cause for the Hong Kong unrest was the high rents on the densely populated island, and also thought that the people did not support the protesters. Authoritarian blindness had turned an easily solvable problem into a bigger, durable crisis that exacted a much heavier political toll, a pattern that would repeat itself after a mysterious strain of pneumonia emerged in a Wuhan seafood market.

    In early December, a strange cluster of patients from a local seafood market, which also sold wildlife for consumption, started showing up in Wuhan hospitals. These initial patients developed a fever and pneumonia that did not seem to be caused by any known viruses. Given the SARS experience of 2003, local doctors were quickly alarmed. With any such novel virus, medical providers are keen to know how it spreads: If the virus is unable to spread from human to human, it’s a tragedy, but a local one, and for only a few people. If it can sustainably spread from human to human, as was the case with SARS, it could turn into a global pandemic, with potentially massive numbers of victims.

    Given exponential growth dynamics of infectious diseases, containing an epidemic is straightforward early on, but nearly impossible once a disease spreads among a population. So it’s maximally important to identify and quarantine candidate cases as early as possible, and that means leadership must have access to accurate information.

    Before the month of December was out, the hospitals in Wuhan knew that the coronavirus was spreading among humans. Medical workers who had treated the sick but never visited the seafood market were falling ill. On December 30, a group of doctors attempted to alert the public, saying that seven patients were in isolation due to a SARS-like disease. On the same day, an official document admitting both a link to the seafood market and a new disease was leaked online. On December 31, facing swirling rumors, the Wuhan government made its first official announcement, confirming 27 cases but, crucially, denying human-to-human transmission. Teams in hazmat suits were finally sent to close down the seafood market, though without explaining much to the befuddled, scared vendors. On January 1, police said they had punished eight medical workers for “rumors,” including a doctor named Li Wenliang, who was among the initial group of whistleblowers.
     
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    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

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    (cont.)
    While the unsuspecting population of Wuhan, a city of 11 million, went about its business, the local government did not update the number of infected people from January 5 to January 10. But the signs of sustained human-to-human transmission grew. Emergency wards were filling up, not just with people who had been to the seafood market, but with their family members as well. On January 6, Li noticed an infection in the scan of a fellow doctor, but officials at the hospital “ordered him not to disclose any information to the public or the media.” On January 7, another infected person was operated on, spreading the disease to 14 more medical workers.

    Read: The coronavirus is spreading because humans are healthier

    Things went on in this suspended state for another 10 days, while the virus kept spreading. Incredibly, on January 19, just one day after the death of yet another doctor who had become infected, officials from across the populous Hubei province held a 40,000-family outdoor banquet in Wuhan, its capital, as part of the official celebrations for China’s Lunar New Year.

    The dam broke on January 20—just three days before Wuhan would initiate a draconian lockdown that blocked millions of people from leaving. On that day, the respected SARS scientist Zhong Nanshan went on national television, confirming the new virus and human-to-human transmission. That same day, Xi Jinping gave his first public speech about the coronavirus, after he returned from an overseas trip to Myanmar.

    Things have dramatically escalated since then. Just one month later, by some estimates, more than 700 million people in China are living under some form of restrictions to their movements, in addition to the severe lockdown in the Hubei province. Domestic social media has erupted in anger at both China’s central leadership and local officials in Hubei province, where the disease began. There are calls for free speech, fury over the death of one of the early medical whistleblowers from the virus, and frustrations with the quarantine.

    It’s not clear why Xi let things spin so far out of control. It might be that he brushed aside concerns from his aides until it was too late, but a stronger possibility is that he did not know the crucial details. Hubei authorities may have lied, not just to the public but also upward—to the central government. Just as Mao didn’t know about the massive crop failures, Xi may not have known that a novel coronavirus with sustained human-to-human transmission was brewing into a global pandemic until too late.

    It’s nearly impossible to gather direct evidence from such a secretive state, but consider the strong, divergent actions before and after January 20—within one day, Hubei officials went from almost complete cover-up and business as usual to shutting down a whole city.
     
  10. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

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    (cont.)
    Another reason to think Xi did not know is that he would have every incentive to act quickly given China’s experience with SARS, during which he was already a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Both SARS and the Wuhan virus (which causes the disease now dubbed COVID-19) are zoonotic coronaviruses, with similar origins and pandemic potential. SARS was contained, though barely, and not before significant economic costs following a failed cover-up. Such an experience should have made it clear that cover-ups are futile when it comes to pandemics, because viruses don’t respect borders. (The Soviet Union learned that radiation doesn’t either, when Sweden alerted the world to the Chernobyl accident.)

    It’s hard to imagine that a leader of Xi’s experience would be so lax as to let the disease spread freely for almost two months, only to turn around and shut the whole country down practically overnight.

    In many ways, his hand was forced by his own system. Under the conditions of massive surveillance and censorship that have grown under Xi, the central government likely had little to no signals besides official reports to detect, such as online public conversations about the mystery pneumonia. In contrast, during the SARS epidemic, some of the earliest signs were online conversations and rumors in China about a flu outbreak. These were picked up by the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, who alerted the World Health Organization, who then started pressuring China to come clean, which finally triggered successful containment efforts.

    If people are too afraid to talk, and if punishing people for “rumors” becomes the norm, a doctor punished for spreading news of a disease in one province becomes just another day, rather than an indication of impending crisis. Later, under criticism, Xi would say he gave instructions for fighting the virus as early as January 7, implying that he knew about it all along. But how could he admit the alternative? This is his system.

    Contrary to common belief, the killer digital app for authoritarianism isn’t listening in on people through increased surveillance, but listening to them as they express their honest opinions, especially complaints. An Orwellian surveillance-based system would be overwhelming and repressive, as it is now in China, but it would also be similar to losing sensation in parts of one’s body due to nerve injuries. Without the pain to warn the brain, the hand stays on the hot stove, unaware of the damage to the flesh until it’s too late.

    During the Ming dynasty, Emperor Zhu Di found out that some petitions to the emperor had not made it to him, because officials were blocking them. He was alarmed and ordered such blocks removed. “Stability depends on superior and inferior communicating; there is none when they do not. From ancient times, many a state has fallen because a ruler did not know the affairs of the people,” he said. Xi would have done well to take note.
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Zeynep Tufekci is an associate professor at the University of North Carolina, and a faculty associate at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society. She studies the interaction between digital technology, artificial intelligence, and society.
    :- https://www.theatlantic.com/technol...oritarianism/606922/?utm_source=pocket-newtab
     
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    WHO today
    countries, areas or territories with cases...

    China :80904 cases


    Republic of Korea :7382 cases


    Italy :7375 cases


    Iran (Islamic Republic of) :6566 cases


    France :1116 cases


    Germany :1112 cases


    Spain :999 cases


    International conveyance (Diamond Princess) :696 cases


    Japan :488 cases


    Switzerland :332 cases


    United Kingdom :277 cases


    Netherlands :265 cases


    United States of America :213 cases


    Sweden :203 cases


    Belgium :200 cases


    Norway :169 cases


    Singapore :150 cases


    Malaysia :117 cases


    Austria :112 cases


    Bahrain :95 cases


    Australia :77 cases


    Greece :73 cases


    Kuwait :64 cases


    Canada :62 cases


    Iraq :60 cases


    Egypt :55 cases


    Iceland :55 cases


    Thailand :50 cases


    United Arab Emirates :45 cases


    India :43 cases


    Qatar :15 cases

    Romania :15 cases

    Saudi Arabia :15 cases

    Georgia :13 cases

    Argentina :12 cases

    Croatia :11 cases

    Poland :11 cases

    Chile :10 cases

    Estonia :10 cases

    Philippines :10 cases

    Azerbaijan :9 cases

    Costa Rica :9 cases

    Hungary :9 cases

    Mexico :7 cases

    Russian Federation :7 cases

    Belarus :6 cases

    Indonesia :6 cases

    Pakistan :6 cases

    Peru :6 cases

    French Guiana :5 cases

    New Zealand :5 cases

    Slovakia :5 cases

    Afghanistan :4 cases

    Bulgaria :4 cases

    Maldives :4 cases

    North Macedonia :4 cases

    Senegal :4 cases

    Latvia :3 cases

    Malta :3 cases

    South Africa :3 cases

    Faroe Islands :3 cases

    Bangladesh :3 cases

    Bosnia and Herzegovina :2 cases

    Cambodia :2 cases

    Cameroon :2 cases

    Luxembourg :2 cases

    Martinique :2 cases

    Morocco :2 cases

    Nigeria :2 cases

    Saint Martin :2 cases

    Tunisia :2 cases

    Albania :2 cases

    Andorra :1 cases

    Armenia :1 cases

    Bhutan :1 cases

    Colombia :1 cases

    Dominican Republic :1 cases

    Gibraltar :1 cases

    Holy See :1 cases

    Jordan :1 cases

    Liechtenstein :1 cases

    Lithuania :1 cases

    Monaco :1 cases

    Nepal :1 cases

    Republic of Moldova :1 cases

    Saint Barthelemy :1 cases

    Serbia :1 cases

    Sri Lanka :1 cases

    Togo :1 cases

    Ukraine :1 cases

    Paraguay :1 cases




    Israel :39 cases


    San Marino :37 cases


    Denmark :36 cases


    Czech Republic :32 cases


    Lebanon :32 cases


    Finland :30 cases


    Portugal :30 cases


    Viet Nam :30 cases


    Brazil :25 cases


    Ireland :21 cases


    Algeria :20 cases


    occupied Palestinian territory :19 cases


    Oman :16 cases


    Slovenia :16 cases


    Ecuador :15 cases
    Last update 3/9/2020...16.00
    ;- https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/685d0ace521648f8a5beeeee1b9125cd
     
  12. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
  13. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    Coronavirus outbreak (covid 19) explained through 3D Medical Animation

    Scientific Animations
    Feb 11, 2020
     
  14. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    U.S. Declares State Of Emergency Over Coronavirus | Morning Joe | MSNBC

    MSNBC
    Mar 16, 2020
     
  15. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    Coronavirus death toll in UK rising faster than in Italy | DW News

    DW News
    Mar 21, 2020
    Meet The Press Broadcast (Full) - March 22nd, 2020 | Meet The Press | NBC News

    NBC News
    Mar 22, 2020

     
  16. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    Inside How Italy Is Handling Overwhelming Number Of Coronavirus Cases | NBC News NOW

    NBC News
    Mar 21, 2020
     
  17. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    Coronavirus crisis: 'It's a war, it's a disaster'

    Sky News
    Mar 21, 2020
     
  18. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    Singapore Contained the Coronavirus for Months. Now It Has One of the Worst Outbreaks in Asia.
    By Chloe Hadavas
    Just last month, some East and Southeast Asian countries were held up as models for their coronavirus responses—especially Singapore and Taiwan, which had largely contained the outbreak despite close economic, geographic, and cultural ties to China, the pandemic’s original epicenter. Some have continued to fare well. Taiwan, with only 428 confirmed cases, has managed to avoid a lockdown. Even South Korea, despite an alarming rate of infection in early March, has flattened its curve. But Singapore now has the largest recorded outbreak in Southeast Asia. Between its first case on Jan. 23 and March 23, Singapore reported fewer than 510 known cases of COVID-19. Now, it has more than 11,000.
    Despite Singapore’s early vigilance in addressing the pandemic—including extensive contact tracing—the government’s response had a blind spot. The key to what happened lies in how Singapore, a country of 5.8 million people, has treated its migrant workers.

    Singapore relies on foreign labor to build and maintain its gleaming infrastructure. But about 300,000 of the country’s low-wage migrant workers, mostly from South Asia, live in dense dormitories on the outskirts of the island nation.* Rights groups and activists worried early on about the government’s negligence of the migrant population. In March, Transient Workers Count Too, or TWC2, a Singaporean nonprofit dedicated to improving conditions for migrant workers, warned of a potential cluster outbreak in the dorms, where it’s impossible to socially distance. Migrants often sleep 12 to 20 per room, in bunk beds, and they’re packed into the back of trucks on their commute to work each day. Some told the Guardian the shared bathrooms often don’t have soap or enough water for showers or toilets. The group also noted that employer policies often discourage workers from admitting they’re ill or seeking medical help. “The risk of a new cluster among this group remains undeniable,” TWC2 wrote.


    Over the past few weeks, as COVID-19 has traveled through the dorms, Singapore has quickly lost control of its outbreak. (While the country was initially worried about a second wave from Singaporeans returning home from overseas, those cases have been largely controlled.) The Ministry of Health said that 982 of the 1,037 new COVID-19 cases on Thursday were migrant workers. About 80 percent of all cases in the country can now be traced to the dorms.

    “This reflects the deliberate invisibilization of the foreign worker; the whole machinery of state operates as though they don’t exist,” Alex Au, vice president of TWC2, told the Washington Post.

    Singapore has responded to the outbreak by introducing a partial lockdown in the country, which has shuttered most workplaces and staggered the days individuals can go to supermarkets, until at least June 1. The government has moved 7,000 workers, mostly in essential jobs, out of the dorms, the Guardian reported, but about 293,000 remain. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong wrote in a Facebook post last week that the government is building up its health care and isolation infrastructure to reduce the “chain of transmission” in migrant housing. On Tuesday, the government announced a quarantine for the dorms and said that it is setting up medical facilities and triage clinics there to ensure workers get adequate care. “It will take some time to show results, so we must expect to see more dorm cases for a while longer,” Lee wrote in the Facebook post.

     
  19. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    (cont.)
    Singapore’s outbreak serves as a cautionary tale for neglecting marginalized communities during a pandemic. It’s hard not to see parallels between Singapore’s migrant workers and the U.S.’s underclass of essential workers who labor without the necessary safety protections, or our undocumented farmworkers who are somehow considered both “essential” and “illegal” (and are even being detained on the job). Singapore’s preparedness for COVID-19 is something other countries have only aspired to: It’s implemented aggressive contact tracing and widespread testing and is home to a robust health care system and an efficient government that can enforce strict home quarantines. And yet it has shown us that, without looking after society’s more vulnerable members, those measures won’t be enough.
    :- https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/04/singapore-coronavirus-outbreak-migrant-workers.html
     
  20. supatorn

    supatorn ผู้สนับสนุนเว็บพลังจิต ผู้สนับสนุนพิเศษ

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 กรกฎาคม 2010
    โพสต์:
    41,289
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    169
    ค่าพลัง:
    +33,018
    How Coronavirus Could Make People Move
    The pandemic isn’t just going to change how we live—it’s going to dictate where we live, too.
    The coronavirus is upending our jobs, canceling our pastimes and messing with our social lives. Some of these effects might linger for months, even years, becoming the new normal. But the pandemic isn’t simply likely to change how we live—it could also alter where we live.

    As we contemplate all the ways that Covid-19 could change the world, big and small, we should consider that the pandemic’s combined effect on public health, the economy and social behavior may cause fundamental shifts in our human geography. Why choose to stay in a crowded city where body bags piled high during the worst parts of the pandemic? Why especially, when Covid-19 has shown many employers that remote work is a serious possibility?
    This may seem ironic given the unprecedented current global standstill: Migration has ground to a halt. Chinese have returned to China, Americans to America. Trump is signing an executive order to ban almost all immigration.


    But the tide of migration is a force as intrinsic to human nature as climate change is to the planet. And right now, like passengers clamoring to get off the cruise ships stranded at sea for the past several months, mankind more than ever is itching to move out of dangerous areas. Indeed, most of humanity today is a bit like those cruise ship passengers: densely packed into areas known as cities. And just as many people will think twice before getting on a cruise ship again, so too will many rethink where they presently live depending on how their city, or country, handled the pandemic.
    We are about to witness a great experiment. The world population has temporarily reset according to nationality or country of residence. At some point (hopefully soon), the lockdown will end. Travel restrictions will be lifted, and planes will start flying again. At the same time, people may end up with more say over where they live than ever before, as companies consciously choose to maintain low overhead, canceling real estate leases and favoring the lower overhead cost of virtual teams. In this new normal, where will people buy one-way tickets from … and to?


     

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