เหตุการณ์ใน-นอกโลก VS ภัยธรรมชาติ และupdate พายุสุริยะ

ในห้อง 'ภัยพิบัติและการเตรียมการ' ตั้งกระทู้โดย Falkman, 10 มกราคม 2011.

  1. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    Daily Sun: 11 Jan 11 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> </tbody></table> [​IMG] <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> </tbody></table> An uptick in activity has sunspot 1140 producing B-class solar flares. Overall, however, solar activity remains low. Credit: SDO/HMI

    Coronal Holes: 11 Jan 11 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> </tbody></table> [​IMG] <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> </tbody></table> A solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on or about Jan. 14th. Credit: SDO/AIA.

    Solar wind
    speed: 506.3 km/sec
    density: 1.8 protons/cm<sup>3</sup>
    explanation | more data
    Updated: Today at 0744 UT


    [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]X-RAY ECLIPSE: [/FONT] Japan's Hinode spacecraft has beamed back a unique view of the Jan. 4th partial solar eclipse. While the people of Earth marveled at crescent sunrises and sickle-shaped sunbeams, Hinode's x-ray telescope captured a glorious ring of fire:
    [​IMG]
    From Hinode's point of view in Earth orbit, the Moon transited the sun almost dead center. The Moon was not, however, wide enough to cover the entire solar disk. Astronomers call this an "annular solar eclipse." Hinode's record of the event has little direct research value, but it does help calibrate Hinode's x-ray telescope and detectors. The apparent sharpness of the Moon's circular edge and the blackness of the lunar disk reveal much about the performance of the system. And, of course, it looks fantastic.



    [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]MORNING STAR: [/FONT] "There's only so much you can see from a hazy and light-polluted urban sky. And then there's Venus!" says photographer Ramiz Qureshi. "Here is the view from a congested street in Karachi, Pakistan, on the morning of Jan. 9th."
    [​IMG]
    "Venus was out-shining everything in the sky," he says. "City lights were no match for the morning star."
    Indeed, this is a good week to look for Venus, which is at greatest elongation (distance from the sun). The silvery planet rises two hours before the sun and hangs high in the eastern sky at dawn. As Qureshi's photo shows, dark skies are not required for a dazzling view. Set your alarm and take a look; it's a great way to start the day.
     
  2. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
  3. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    ฝนดาวหางพุ่งชนดวงอาทิตย์ เริ่มตั้งแต่ 13 ธันวา - 22 ธันวา 2010

    Sundiving Comet Storm

    Jan. 12, 2011: The sun has just experienced a storm—not of explosive flares and hot plasma, but of icy comets. "The storm began on Dec 13th and ended on the 22nd," says Karl Battams of the Naval Research Lab in Washington, DC. "During that time, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) detected 25 comets diving into the sun. It was crazy!"



    Sundiving comets—a.k.a. "sungrazers"—are nothing new. SOHO typically sees one every few days, plunging inward and disintegrating as solar heat sublimes its volatile ices. "But 25 comets in just ten days, that's unprecedented," says Battams.



    "The comets were 10-meter class objects, about the size of a room or a house," notes Matthew Knight of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. "As comets go, these are considered small."



    [​IMG]
    A sundiving "storm-comet" recorded by SOHO and first noticed by Polish comet hunter Michal Kusiak on Dec. 20, 2010. Click to watch a movie of the comet's death plunge.

    SOHO excels at this kind of work. The spacecraft's coronagraph uses an opaque disk to block the glare of the sun like an artificial eclipse, revealing faint objects that no Earth-bound telescope could possibly see. Every day, amateur astronomers from around the world scrutinize the images in search of new comets. Since SOHO was launched in 1996, more than 2000 comets have been found in this way, an all-time record for any astronomer or space mission.


    Battams and Knight think the comet-storm of Dec. 2010 might herald a much bigger sungrazer to come, something people could see with the naked eye, perhaps even during the day.


    "It's just a matter of time," says Battams. "We know there are some big ones out there."
    [​IMG]
    Comet Ikeya-Seki, photographed by Roger Lynds at Kitt Peak, Arizona, on the morning of 1965 October 29. [more]

    Comet Ikeya-Seki is a good example. In 1965 it appeared out of nowhere, dove toward the sun and swooped over the stellar surface only 450,000 km away. Because Ikeya-Seki's nucleus was large, about 5 km wide, it survived the encounter and emerged as one of the brightest comets of the past thousand years. Japanese observers saw it in broad daylight right beside the morning sun. People watched in amazement as Ikeya-Seki fell into at least three pieces before receding back into the solar system. Similar but lesser sungrazing comets were observed in 1843, 1882, 1963 and 1970.


    These sungrazers are all related to one another. Astronomers call them the "Kreutz family" after the 19th century astronomer Heinrich Kreutz who first studied them as a group. Modern thinking about the family is attributed to Brian Marsden (1937-2010) of the Harvard Minor Planet Center. He analyzed the orbits of Kreutz comets and saw that they probably came from the breakup of a single giant comet in the 12th century, probably the Great Comet of 1106. According to Marsden's work, Ikeya-Seki-class comets and the smaller SOHO sungrazers are just different-sized fragments of that one progenitor.


    Researchers Zdenek Sekanina and Paul Chodas of JPL modeled the fragmentation of the Kreutz progenitor, and in a 2007 issue of the Astrophysical Journal suggested that more big chunks were on the way. Knight's own counting of SOHO sungrazers supports their idea.


    "Since SOHO was launched there has been a trend of increasing numbers of Kreutz sungrazers," he points out. A table in Knight's 2008 PhD thesis shows SOHO detecting 69 sungrazers in 1997 compared to 200 sungrazers in 2010. "The increase is significant and cannot be accounted for by improvements in SOHO or the increasing skill of comet hunters."


    Was Comet Ikeya-Seki preceded by a storm like that of Dec. 2010?
    No one knows.


    "We have not seen a really big Kreutz comet in the era of space-based coronagraphs," notes Knight. "SOHO wasn't around in 1965 to record how many little comets dove into the sun before Ikeya-Seki. It might be 200 comets per year--or it could be 1000. Without more information, we can't know for sure how soon we might be privileged to see one of the real monsters."
    Battams offers this advice: "Stay tuned to SOHO."

    Author: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA ​
     
  4. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    <table width="560" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="550">Space weather: Forecasters keep eye on looming 'Solar Max' </td> </tr> <tr></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top" width="550" align="left"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table> <tbody><tr><td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="content_subtitle" align="left"> Wed,Dec29,2010
    AFP </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="400" align="right">
    </td><td>
    </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3" class="bodytext_10pt">

    PARIS, FRANCE (AFP) - The coming year will be an important one for space weather as the Sun pulls out of a trough of low activity and heads into a long-awaited and possibly destructive period of turbulence.

    Many people may be surprised to learn that the Sun, rather than burn with faultless consistency, goes through moments of calm and tempest.

    But two centuries of observing sunspots - dark, relatively cool marks on the solar face linked to mighty magnetic forces - have revealed that our star follows a roughly 11-year cycle of behaviour. The latest cycle began in 1996 and for reasons which are unclear has taken longer than expected to end.

    Now, though, there are more and more signs that the Sun is shaking off its torpor and building towards 'Solar Max,' or the cycle's climax, say experts.

    "The latest prediction looks at around midway 2013 as being the maximum phase of the solar cycle," said Joe Kunches of NASA's Space Weather Prediction Center.

    But there is a prolonged period of high activity, "more like a season, lasting about two and a half years," either side of the peak, he cautioned.

    At its angriest, the Sun can vomit forth tides of electromagnetic radiation and charged matter known as coronal mass ejections, or CMEs.

    This shock wave may take several days to reach Earth. When it arrives, it compresses the planet's protective magnetic field, releasing energy visible in high latitudes as shimmering auroras - the famous Northern Lights and Southern Lights.

    But CMEs are not just pretty events. They can unleash static discharges and geomagnetic storms that can disrupt or even knock out the electronics on which our urbanised, Internet-obsessed, data-saturated society depends.

    Less feared, but also a problem, are solar flares, or eruptions of super-charged protons that can reach Earth in just minutes.

    In the front line are telecommunications satellites in geostationary orbit, at an altitude of 36,000 kilometres (22,500 miles) and Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, on which modern airliners and ships depend for navigation, which orbit at 20,000 kms (12,000 miles).

    In January 1994, discharges of static electricity inflicted a five-month, 50-million-dollar outage of a Canadian telecoms satellite, Anik-E2. In April 2010, Intelsat lost Galaxy 15, providing communications over North America, after the link to ground control was knocked out apparently by solar activity.

    "These are the two outright breakdowns that we all think about," said Philippe Calvel, an engineer with the French firm Thales. "Both were caused by CMEs."

    In 2005, X-rays from a solar storm disrupted satellite-to-ground communications and GPS signals for about 10 minutes.

    To cope with solar fury, satellite designers opt for robust, tried-and-tested components and shielding, even if this makes the equipment heavier and bulkier and thus costlier to launch, said Thierry Duhamel of satellite maker Astrium.

    Another precaution is redundancy - to have backup systems in case one malfunctions.

    On Earth, power lines, data connections and even oil and gas pipelines are potentially vulnerable. An early warning of the risk came in 1859, when the biggest CME ever observed unleashed red, purple and green auroras even in tropical latitudes.

    The new-fangled technology of the telegraph went crazy. Geomagnetically-induced currents in the wires shocked telegraph operators and even set the telegraph paper on fire.

    In 1989, a far smaller flare knocked out power from Canada's Hydro Quebec generator, inflicting a nine-hour blackout for six million people.

    A workshop in 2008 by US space weather experts, hosted by the National Academy of Sciences, heard that a major geomagnetic storm would dwarf the 2005 Hurricane Katrina for costs.

    Recurrence of a 1921 event today would fry 350 major transformers, leaving more than 130 million people without power, it heard. A bigger storm could cost between a trillion and two trillion dollars in the first year, and full recovery could take between four and 10 years. "I think there is some hyperbole about the draconian effects," said Kunches.

    "On the other hand, there's a lot we don't know about the Sun. Even in the supposedly declining, or quiet phase, you can have magnetic fields on the Sun that get very concentrated and energised for a time, and you can get, out of the blue, eruptive activity that is atypical. In short, we have a variable star."
    </td></tr></tbody></table>
     
  5. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    จับตาพายุสุริยะ เพื่อเปรียบเทียบกับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นบนโลก

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    แก้ไขครั้งล่าสุด: 13 มกราคม 2011
  6. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    +77,791
    Diagram of the solar flare activity X-ray emission of the Sun

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  7. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    19,726
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    เอาข้อมูลมาเก็บไว้

    <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="100%">2011-01-09 17:48:07 - Vehicle Accident - Iraq

    </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">!!! ALERT !!!
    </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%">EDIS Code:</td> <td>VI-20110109-29126-IRQ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date&Time:</td> <td>2011-01-09 17:48:07 [UTC]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continent:</td> <td>Middle-East</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Country:</td> <td>Iraq</td> </tr> <tr> <td>State/Prov.:</td> <td>Governorate of Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Location:</td> <td>, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>City:</td> <td>Orumiyeh</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Number of dead people: 105
    Damage level: Catastrophic (Level 5)

    Not confirmed information!
    </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="440" align="right"> [​IMG] </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Description: </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> An Iranian passenger plane with more than 100 people on board has crashed, Iranian media have reported. First reports suggest it came down in north-west Iran, near the city of Orumiyeh. The semi-official Fars news agency said 105 passengers and crew were on board the plane flying from the capital Tehran to Orumiyeh. There have been a number of accidents involving Iranian planes over the last few years. Its civil fleet is made up of old planes in poor condition due to their age and lack of maintenance.
    </td></tr></tbody> </table>


    Event: Vehicle Accident
    Location: Iran Governorate of Azarbayjan-e Gharbi Orumiyeh
    Number of Deads: 73 person(s)
    Number of Injured:
    32 person(s)

    Situation: Up to 70 people on board an IranAir passenger jet have been killed and another 32 injured after it crashed in the country's northwest, IRNA, the Iranian news agency, says quoting an Iranian Red Crescent official. The aircraft crashed near Orumiyeh at around 16:15 GMT on Sunday, an official in West Azerbaijan province was quoted by state television's website as saying. "The airplane took off an hour later than scheduled time from Tehran towards Orumiyeh and because of bad weather conditions came down in a village area near Orumiyeh," the unidentified official said. Al Jazeera's Alireza Ronaghi, reporting from Tehran, said that roughly 70cm of snow has blanketed the ground in the Orumiyeh, around 700km north of Tehran. "This plane has been one of these very old kind of aircraft that are still serving in Iran's airlines - a Boeing 727, which is more than 40 years old," he said. The US-made aircraft has been out of production since 1984. The semi-official Fars news agency initially reported that 105 people people were believed to be on board, but an official statement said that there were 95 passengers and eight crew members in total. Passenger airline crashes are not uncommon in Iran, where sanctions have prevented Iran from purchasing parts for its commercial fleet.
     
  8. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    19,726
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    [​IMG]
     

    ไฟล์ที่แนบมา:

  9. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    ฟ้าผ่าคนในอาเจนติน่า ตาย 4 บาดเจ็บ 4

    <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="100%">2011-01-13 04:22:13 - Extreme Weather - Argentina

    </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">
    </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%">EDIS Code:</td> <td>ST-20110113-29180-ARG</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date&Time:</td> <td>2011-01-13 04:22:13 [UTC]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continent:</td> <td>South-America</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Country:</td> <td>Argentina</td> </tr> <tr> <td>State/Prov.:</td> <td>Capital City, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Location:</td> <td>, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>City:</td> <td>Buenos Aires</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Number of dead people: 4
    Number of injured people: 4
    Damage level: Moderate (Level 2)

    Not confirmed information!
    </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="440" align="right"> [​IMG] </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Description: </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Four people were killed and four children remain hospitalized after being struck by lightning during a severe thunderstorm in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, Argentine officials said Wednesday. Jorge Nardi, a massage therapist for the Racing Club soccer team and three other people, including two children, died during the thunderstorm on Tuesday. A 7-year-old boy is listed in serious condition and is on a respirator at a hospital in Florencio Varela, a city located 25 kilometers (about 16 miles) from Buenos Aires, doctors said. The boy’s heart stopped for “several minutes” after he was struck by lightning, El Cruce Hospital pediatrics chief Dr. Leandro Busso said. The other boys, who range in age from 8 to 11, are responding to treatment and should be released on Thursday, Busso said. Racing Club player Brian Lluy was injured in the lightning strike and treated at a clinic. The team’s other players and coaches were not hurt. The boys, who had been swimming in a pool, were struck by lightning as they walked under some trees at a sports complex near Florencio Varela. Francisco Risso, a Bolivian employed at the sports complex, also died in the lightning strike.
    </td></tr></tbody></table>
     
  10. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    Thunderstorms Make Antimatter


    Jan. 11, 2011: Scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have detected beams of antimatter produced above thunderstorms on Earth, a phenomenon never seen before.



    Scientists think the antimatter particles were formed inside thunderstorms in a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) associated with lightning. It is estimated that about 500 TGFs occur daily worldwide, but most go undetected.
    "These signals are the first direct evidence that thunderstorms make antimatter particle beams," said Michael Briggs, a member of Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) team at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). He presented the findings Monday, during a news briefing at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Seattle.



    [​IMG]
    An artist's concept of antimatter spraying above a thunderhead. [video]



    Fermi is designed to monitor gamma rays, the highest energy form of light. When antimatter striking Fermi collides with a particle of normal matter, both particles immediately are annihilated and transformed into gamma rays. The GBM has detected gamma rays with energies of 511,000 electron volts, a signal indicating an electron has met its antimatter counterpart, a positron.




    Although Fermi's GBM is designed to observe high-energy events in the universe, it's also providing valuable insights into this strange phenomenon. The GBM constantly monitors the entire celestial sky above and the Earth below.



    The GBM team has identified 130 TGFs since Fermi's launch in 2008.


    "In orbit for less than three years, the Fermi mission has proven to be an amazing tool to probe the universe. Now we learn that it can discover mysteries much, much closer to home," said Ilana Harrus, Fermi program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
    [​IMG]
    Fermi was above Egypt on Dec. 14, 2009, when a burst of positrons emerged from an African thunderstorm. [larger image]



    The spacecraft was located immediately above a thunderstorm for most of the observed TGFs, but in four cases, storms were far from Fermi. In addition, lightning-generated radio signals detected by a global monitoring network indicated the only lightning at the time was hundreds or more miles away. During one TGF, which occurred on Dec. 14, 2009, Fermi was located over Egypt. But the active storm was in Zambia, some 2,800 miles to the south. The distant storm was below Fermi's horizon, so any gamma rays it produced could not have been detected.
    "Even though Fermi couldn't see the storm, the spacecraft nevertheless was magnetically connected to it," said Joseph Dwyer at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. "The TGF produced high-speed electrons and positrons, which then rode up Earth's magnetic field to strike the spacecraft."


    The beam continued past Fermi, reached a location, known as a mirror point, where its motion was reversed, and then hit the spacecraft a second time just 23 milliseconds later. Each time, positrons in the beam collided with electrons in the spacecraft. The particles annihilated each other, emitting gamma rays detected by Fermi's GBM.


    Scientists long have suspected TGFs arise from the strong electric fields near the tops of thunderstorms. Under the right conditions, they say, the field becomes strong enough that it drives an upward avalanche of electrons. Reaching speeds nearly as fast as light, the high-energy electrons give off gamma rays when they're deflected by air molecules. Normally, these gamma rays are detected as a TGF.
    [​IMG]
    Click to view the three steps thunderstorms must take to produce bursts of anti-matter. [more]



    But the cascading electrons produce so many gamma rays that they blast electrons and positrons clear out of the atmosphere. This happens when the gamma-ray energy transforms into a pair of particles: an electron and a positron. It's these particles that reach Fermi's orbit.
    The detection of positrons shows many high-energy particles are being ejected from the atmosphere. In fact, scientists now think that all TGFs emit electron/positron beams. A paper on the findings has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters.


    "The Fermi results put us a step closer to understanding how TGFs work," said Steven Cummer at Duke University. "We still have to figure out what is special about these storms and the precise role lightning plays in the process."

    Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA ​
     
  11. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    Thunderstorms Make Antimatter


    Jan. 11, 2011: Scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have detected beams of antimatter produced above thunderstorms on Earth, a phenomenon never seen before.



    Scientists think the antimatter particles were formed inside thunderstorms in a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) associated with lightning. It is estimated that about 500 TGFs occur daily worldwide, but most go undetected.
    "These signals are the first direct evidence that thunderstorms make antimatter particle beams," said Michael Briggs, a member of Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) team at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). He presented the findings Monday, during a news briefing at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Seattle.



    [​IMG]
    An artist's concept of antimatter spraying above a thunderhead. [video]



    Fermi is designed to monitor gamma rays, the highest energy form of light. When antimatter striking Fermi collides with a particle of normal matter, both particles immediately are annihilated and transformed into gamma rays. The GBM has detected gamma rays with energies of 511,000 electron volts, a signal indicating an electron has met its antimatter counterpart, a positron.




    Although Fermi's GBM is designed to observe high-energy events in the universe, it's also providing valuable insights into this strange phenomenon. The GBM constantly monitors the entire celestial sky above and the Earth below.



    The GBM team has identified 130 TGFs since Fermi's launch in 2008.


    "In orbit for less than three years, the Fermi mission has proven to be an amazing tool to probe the universe. Now we learn that it can discover mysteries much, much closer to home," said Ilana Harrus, Fermi program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington.



    [​IMG]
    Fermi was above Egypt on Dec. 14, 2009, when a burst of positrons emerged from an African thunderstorm. [larger image]



    The spacecraft was located immediately above a thunderstorm for most of the observed TGFs, but in four cases, storms were far from Fermi. In addition, lightning-generated radio signals detected by a global monitoring network indicated the only lightning at the time was hundreds or more miles away. During one TGF, which occurred on Dec. 14, 2009, Fermi was located over Egypt. But the active storm was in Zambia, some 2,800 miles to the south. The distant storm was below Fermi's horizon, so any gamma rays it produced could not have been detected.
    "Even though Fermi couldn't see the storm, the spacecraft nevertheless was magnetically connected to it," said Joseph Dwyer at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. "The TGF produced high-speed electrons and positrons, which then rode up Earth's magnetic field to strike the spacecraft."


    The beam continued past Fermi, reached a location, known as a mirror point, where its motion was reversed, and then hit the spacecraft a second time just 23 milliseconds later. Each time, positrons in the beam collided with electrons in the spacecraft. The particles annihilated each other, emitting gamma rays detected by Fermi's GBM.


    Scientists long have suspected TGFs arise from the strong electric fields near the tops of thunderstorms. Under the right conditions, they say, the field becomes strong enough that it drives an upward avalanche of electrons. Reaching speeds nearly as fast as light, the high-energy electrons give off gamma rays when they're deflected by air molecules. Normally, these gamma rays are detected as a TGF.
    [​IMG]
    Click to view the three steps thunderstorms must take to produce bursts of anti-matter. [more]



    But the cascading electrons produce so many gamma rays that they blast electrons and positrons clear out of the atmosphere. This happens when the gamma-ray energy transforms into a pair of particles: an electron and a positron. It's these particles that reach Fermi's orbit.
    The detection of positrons shows many high-energy particles are being ejected from the atmosphere. In fact, scientists now think that all TGFs emit electron/positron beams. A paper on the findings has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters.


    "The Fermi results put us a step closer to understanding how TGFs work," said Steven Cummer at Duke University. "We still have to figure out what is special about these storms and the precise role lightning plays in the process."

    Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA ​
     
  12. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]AURORA WATCH: [/FONT] "Last night we were a bit doubtful that our Northern Lights tour would actually end up with any Northern Lights," reports Klas Tigerström of Abisko, Sweden. "But then the sky cleared and we got what we came for."





    [​IMG]
    "The really cool stuff only appeared for about 2 minutes, but it felt like a life time!!" he says.


    The next display should last longer. A solar wind stream is heading for Earth, due to arrive on Jan. 14-15. NOAA forecasters estimate a 30% chance of geomagnetic activity in response to the impact of the stream. High-latitude sky watchers should be alert for weekend auroras.
     
  13. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    พระอาทิตย์มีการระเบิดและมี CME พุ่งออกไปยังอวกาศ (จับรังสีคอสมิคได้ด้วย)

    [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]FARSIDE ERUPTION: [/FONT] An active region on the far side of the sun erupted this morning, hurling a bright CME into space. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) saw the cloud emerging over the sun's eastern limb:


    [​IMG]

    [VDO]http://www.spaceweather.com/swpod2011/13jan11/cme_anim2.gif?PHPSESSID=q6psml3snu5po5d7n7dvjs8j52[/VDO]


    NASA's STEREO-B spacecraft happens to be stationed almost directly over the blast site. The spacecraft's extreme UV telescope caught the explosion from the beginning; this movie shows the eruption and the shadowy shock wave it propelled through the sun's atmosphere.​
    The source of this activity, probably a big sunspot, is on the farside of the sun now, but won't remain there. The sun's rotation is turning it toward Earth. Geoeffective solar activity could commence within days. Stay tuned.

     
    แก้ไขครั้งล่าสุด: 14 มกราคม 2011
  14. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
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    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    เหนืออาร์คติดไม่ได้มืดตลอด 24 ชั่วโมงเหมือนที่ผ่านมา เป็นเพราะอุ่นขึ้นหรืออะไร?

    Event: Non-categorized event
    Location: MultiCountries Greenland, Canada

    Situation:
    People in the High Arctic say their 24-hour darkness isn't as dark as it used to be, and a weather researcher says it's because of the warming climate. "We still have a daylight and there's still blue, green, red down there — there's sun sign still," said Zipporah Ootooq Aronsen, who lives in Resolute Bay, Nunavut. "It's not usually like that." People in Resolute Bay now sometimes see a distant island that in the past was only visible during daylight hours. "It never happened like that before," Aronsen said. "Now we can see it once in a while, when it's a clear day." Wayne Davidson, a weather researcher in Resolute Bay, said warmer thermal layers over cold dense polar air cause light to bend and travel farther. "If there's a huge contrast between colder and warmer air, there's longer travel of light from any locations," he said. Inuit have been noticing changes during the dark season for years but the changes are becoming more visible as the climate warms, Davidson said. "It should be usually, around average, –31 degrees," he said. "It was, couple of days ago, –5 or something like that, so it's pretty wild." That refraction of light at the border between cold and warm air is what's allowing people to see farther than normal, Davidson said. "Refraction makes light travel," he said. Jaypetee Akeeagok, who lives in Grise Fiord, Nunavut, said the weather has also been unusually warm there. "You can actually drive Skidoo around town without gloves on," he said. And people in Grise Fiord have also noticed there's more light in winter. "Twenty years ago, we wouldn't even be able to see the whole village, in high noon, which is only nine kilometres, but now we get to see some daylight," Akeeagok said.
     
  15. soifon

    soifon Active Member

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    21 กันยายน 2010
    โพสต์:
    124
    ค่าพลัง:
    +42
    114

    ศูนย์สำรวจทางธรณีวิทยาสหรัฐฯรายงานว่า เกิดแผ่นดินไหวที่วัดแรงสั่นสะเทือนได้ขนาด 7.0 ริกเตอร์ ใกล้หมู่เกาะของนิวแคลิโดเนีย ในแปซิฟิกใต้ แต่ทั้งนี้ ยังไม่มีประกาศเตือนภัยคลื่นยักษ์สึนามิ และรายงานความเสียหายในเบื้องต้น
    แผ่นดินไหวครั้งนี้ เกิดขึ้นเมื่อเวลาราว 23.16 น.วานนี้ (13 ม.ค.) ตามเวลาในไทย ที่ความลึก 4.6 กิโลเมตร ห่างไปทางตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ของวานูอาตูราว 135 กิโลเมตร พื้นที่ดังกล่าวเผชิญกับแผ่นดินไหวรุนแรงและอาฟเตอร์ช็อคหลายครั้ง นับตั้งแต่แผ่นดินไหว 7.3 ริกเตอร์ใกล้วานูอาตู เมื่อวันที่ 26 ธันวาคมปีที่แล้ว


    ที่มา คลิ้ก
     
  16. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    [​IMG]
     
  17. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    <table style="margin-bottom: 5px;" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" cols="0"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 102); font-family: Times New Roman,Times; color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1" width="99%" align="center">New Term "Atmospheric Rivers" Tells of Shifting Ocean and Jet Stream Currents
    </td><td style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-align: left;" rowspan="1" colspan="1" width="1%" align="left" bgcolor="#000066">
    </td></tr><tr><td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;" rowspan="1" colspan="2" align="left">
    by Mitch Battros - Earth Changes Media
    [​IMG]
    A recent article published January 15th by NOAA speaks of a super-storm threat to California. Scientists say a plausible super-storm that could devastate California would be fed by an "atmospheric river" moving water at the same rate as 50 Mississippi rivers discharging water into the Gulf of Mexico.

    But what is a "atmospheric river"?

    [​IMG]
    Atmospheric Rivers are narrow corridors driven by jet-stream winds which have a direct affect on ocean currents. When these streams have a high level of concentrated moisture, the newly termed "atmospheric rivers" may strike land. When this occurs, they produce flooding rains that can disrupt travel, induce mudslides, and cause catastrophic damage to life and property.

    The fact is - there is nothing "new" about such events. The question which should be asked - is what drives such phenomena? The answer is "charged particles" such as solar flares, cme's, coronal holes, gamma ray burst, and galactic cosmic rays.

    Equation:
    Sunspots => Solar Flares (charged particles) => Magnetic Field Shift => Shifting Ocean and Jet Stream Currents => Extreme Weather and Human Disruption (mitch battros 1998)

    [​IMG]
    A large coronal hole on the Sun has opened up releasing large amounts of charged particles sometimes referred to as 'solar winds'. Then this flow of particles hits the Earth's magnetic field, it has a direct effect on ocean and jet stream currents.

    Watch for an increase in extreme weather over the next 72 - 96 hours. On the North American continent, the most vulnerable areas would be the Pacific North West, and yes, California.

    [​IMG]
    Scientists who study historic storms to understand the risks modern California faces discussed on Friday a developing scaling system to measure the intensity of an atmospheric river. A storm scenario released by the USGS this week says such a storm has the potential to cause flood damage to a quarter of the houses in the state.

    The report based on computer models analyzing the impacts of two storms that soaked the state in 1969 and 1986, describes a storm lasting more than 40 days and dumping up to 10 feet of rain.

    FULL ARTICLE - http://bit.ly/ee1kCc


    </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-bottom: 5px;" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" cols="0"><tbody><tr><td style="color: rgb(255, 255, 153); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 102);" rowspan="1" colspan="1" width="99%" align="center" bgcolor="#000066">Mitch Battros Research of the Sun - Earth Connection and 2012</td><td style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 102);" rowspan="1" colspan="1" width="1%" align="left" background="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101093164665/top_right.gif" bgcolor="#000066">
    </td></tr><tr><td style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="2" align="left">
    [​IMG]

    Mitch Battros presents fascinating, and sometimes shocking, research from the world's top scientists. After years of dialogue with these experts, Mitch has been accepted into the guarded halls of NASA, NOAA, ESA, Royal Observatory, the US Naval Observatory and other highly esteemed scientific bodies. In addition to the latest research on the Sun's influence on our "weather".

    Mitch also presents ground-breaking evidence of how the Sun and other celestial orbs produce 'charged particles' and their impact on humanity.



    [​IMG]
    Just as the Sun's solar activity affects the Earth's magnetic field which has a dramatic affect on Earth's "weather" i.e. earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, hurricanes; so does this wave of electrical currents affect the human body's magnetic field. Mitch also reveals a little-known development from modern medicine known as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS provides empirical evidence of how magnetic fields can influence human emotions.

    Solar Cycle 24 has begun - and it has been predicted by NASA, NOAA and ESA to be up to 50% stronger than its 'record breaking' predecessor Cycle 23 which produced the largest solar flare ever recorded. The Sun will reach its 'apex' (maximum) in late 2011 into 2012.

    "I believe it will be the magnetic influence produced by the Sun which will usher in what is described by our ancient ancestors as "the transition" bringing us to a new state-of-being". (Mitch Battros)

    ENDORSEMENTS:http://bit.ly/<wbr>cNFDEJ

    ORDER BOOKS HERE:
    http://bit.ly/g5baoP



    </td></tr></tbody></table>
     
  18. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791


    “I would say that your “equation” which I will call a very logical premise is real and plausible. The American Meteorological Society has asked the NOAA Space Environment Center to conduct trainings with local meteorologist on how to read and present space weather. So Mitch, your ‘super-duper doppler weatherman’ is a reality.”
    Dr. Ernest Hildner, Director NOAA Space Weather Center

    “Mitch Battros is one of those amazing individuals that has taken as his mission to disseminate on a broad scale information of great relevance that otherwise might have remained hidden in the archives of specialized scholars. With his great understanding not only of spiritual undercurrents, but also of science, he builds bridges between science and spirituality as well as between ancient wisdom and modern knowledge and makes them accessible to a broad range of people. Mitch Battros has presented us with a well researched study of the origin of these phenomena and we are being brought into a world of richness that I for one hardly knew existed before—the Sun.”
    Carl Johan Calleman, Historical Scholar - author of Enlightenment: The Mayan Calendar

    “Scientists have more recently begun to consider a Sun-Earth connection in the way of weather as you describe. Mitch, I believe your (equation) is right on target. We know the recent ozone depletion which measured up to 60% was caused by the Sun. Your study of charged particles from the Sun and its effect to our magnetic field and further down to the stratosphere and even ionosphere can cause disturbance to the Northern and Southern Pacific Oscillation.”
    Dr. Pål Brekke, Deputy Director of SOHO project- European Space Agency

    When I first interacted with Mitch Battros, I was most impressed with his grasp of the challenges we face in disaster preparedness. I am thrilled that Mitch has taken on both the physical and emotional aspects of preparedness in this powerful book about earth and our solar context. Mitch's outstanding contribution is bridge-building from solar phenomena that influence conditions we experience down to implications, consequences and appropriate actions for us as individuals and members of organizations.
    Richard Gelb, former regional Training Coordinator Emergency Management Office

    "I have been reading the earth changes newsletter of Mr. Mitch Battros, in which he addresses all aspects of the Sun-Earth connection as well as other important humanitarian issues, for a number of years and I have been impressed by the scientific competence of Mr. Battros and by his high ethical standards. I also admire his broad knowledge, dedicated commitment and unusually high diligence. I agree with his views on the physics underlying the Sun to Earth influence. (Of course, I am convinced that one day science will speak of a Galactic Center - Sun - Earth connection.) I wish Mr. Battros the continued professional success that his admirable and exemplary work deserves."
    Dr. Gerhard Loebert, recipient of the Needle of Honor in astrophysics, designer of project “Firefly” 2<sup>nd</sup> generation stealth fighter, published post-Einsteinian theory of gravitation.

    “We have carefully followed the research of Mitch Battros for several years and continue to do so with increasing interest as so many of his theories and prognostications prove themselves to be accurate and true. His provocative new theory about the Sun-Earth relationship is certain to arouse serious thought as Battros carefully balances the latest science with ancient texts. Such a mixture will reassure and fascinate a wide range of readers.”
    Brad Steiger and Sherry Hansen Steiger, authors of over 30 best-selling books

    I would say the Sun-Earth connection does indeed follow your “Equation”. When charged particles hit the magnetic field, the field is disturbed and I would think it will affect the jet stream. The earth weather can be chaotic; any small change in one area (ionosphere) can have an affect on other atmospheric conditions of the earth.”
    Dr. Stefaan Poedts: Lead Scientist University of Leuven Center for Plasma Astrophysics

    Frequently it takes an "outsider" to think "out-of-the-box" and move culture closer to the truth. Mitch is a futurist thinker, driven by his curiosity. Happily, the book has emerged from Mitch and it is bound to spark discussion and further discoveries that will benefit all humans.
    Dr. William Costello, Emeritus Prof. of Psycholinguistics, SFSU

    “There is clearly a connection between solar activity and a disturbance in the magnetic field which surrounds the earth. As a scientist, it is always best to keep an open mind as new information can come forward and challenge our current understandings. Regarding meteorologist forecasting space weather, we hope this will occur more often”
    Dr. Ronald van der Linden, Director of Solar Physics Department of the Royal Observatory

    “The untiring work of Mitch Battros has led to his unique ability to link the best of current astronomical research with archaeological discovery so as to bring about a universal consciousness of the power of the sun for the sake of our descendants that they may adapt to inevitable change and relearn how to live in harmony with Nature. I wholeheartedly recommend his work without reservation.”
    Crichton E M Miller, author of The Golden Thread of Time and The Celtic Cross

    “Modern telescopes have shown us that the Sun is an active, even violent place, with predictable and unpredictable cycles, and massive explosions that occasionally shower Earth’s magnetosphere. It is the source of the solar wind, responsible for what is now called “space weather.” In this book, Mitch Battros has drawn inferences about how this solar activity affects Earth weather and climate, both short-term and long-term. These are dialogues the scientific community needs to have because the stakes are high for all of us.”
    Dr. Tom Van Flandern, former US Naval Observatory Chief of Celestial Mechanics

    “Mitch Battros draws attention to the intimate connection between energetic events on the Sun and weather on Earth. Humanity has a simple faith in a constant Sun that is not borne out by recent observations. If we are to have a more realistic perspective on climate change we should consider arguments like those assembled by Mitch in Solar Rain.
    Wallace Thornhill, Physicist - author of The Electric Universe

    Mitch Battros has played an important role in educating the public about Earth Changes and the Sun. I would expect the increasing recognition of the role the Sun plays in our lives and fortunes will be recognized by both the science community and the public in general. I ordered his new book, and I hope many others will do the same.
    Jim Berkland, Geologist

    “Your book takes the reader through a curios journey that explores many of the unexplained mysteries with which we will have to deal in the near future. I found it fascinating reading and thought provoking.”
    Arnie Rosner, Amateur Astronomer – owner rent-a-scope inc.

    "I love books that make you think, even those deemed controversial. In Solar Rain, Mitch Battros blends science and esoteric philosophy to demonstrate the ancient truth of as above, so below. What’s happening on the sun is affecting the earth in a most dramatic way, and influencing our weather patterns as never before. The how and why makes it a fascinating read."
    John Randolph Price, Bestselling author

    “I have long been impressed with the logical and scientific approach taken by Mitch Battros with his research. I always enjoy a provocative mind as he so often presents. His new book “Solar Rain” is a very important book, which should be read by everyone. He is clearly deeply concerned by the earth changes taking place, as am I, and is well ahead of many highly qualified scientists in this field.”
    Colin Andrews, Leading Paranormal Scientist – world’s leading authority on crop circles


    Solar Rain
    The Earth Changes Have Begun
    by Mitch Battros
    [​IMG]


    If you ever wondered how the Sun influences our planet, and ourselves, this is the book for you. Each of its sixteen chapters is filled with fact based evidence telling of our current status. But we go one step better than this. You will also find empirical knowledge handed down from our ancestors, with stunning accuracy, telling us of what is to come.

    This is a book every science oriented mind and institution will want to read. My many interviews with the most prestigious scientists in the world; coming from organizations such as NASA, ESA, JSA, NOAA, JPL, Space Weather Center, AMS (American Meteorological Society), AMS (American Meteor Society) and Sky & Telescope, should quench anyone’s thirst.

    For those who are drawn to more spiritual, quantum physics, or metaphysical understandings, you won’t be disappointed. You will find information direct from the Hopi and Mayan elders telling us what has been passed down through generations. Now is the time for purification, preparation, and contemplation. Our ancestors remind us all is not lost. There is still hope…and we can make a difference. The famous Hopi Prophecy Rock photo is included in the book, as are photos of unique sacred Mayan sites never before produced publicly. Whether you’re a scientist, archeologist, or metaphysician, there is plenty in this book for you.


    Mitch Battros
    Author – ‘Solar Rain’
    Producer - Earth Changes TV
    Fax: 206.632.0863
     
  19. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,726
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,791
    พายุสุริยะ อันต่อไปจะมาถึงโลก 19 หรือ 20 มกราคม

    Coronal Holes: 17 Jan 10 <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> </tbody></table> [​IMG] <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td>[​IMG]</td> </tr> </tbody></table>
    A solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on Jan. 19th or 20th. Credit: SDO/AIA. [​IMG]
     
  20. pattarawat

    pattarawat เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    29 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    1,671
    ค่าพลัง:
    +7,982
    [​IMG]
     

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